Pneumatic tool.



0. W. NORBERG.

PNEUMATm Toon.

APPLICATION FILED MAILG. 1914. 1,107,179. Patented Aug.1l,1914

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Wl THE SSE S:

0. W. NURBERG.

PNEUMA'IIG TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 6, 1914.

Patented Aug. 11, 191i 3 SHBBTSSBIEET 2.

A TTUHNEY O. W. NORBERG. PNEUMATIC TOOL. APPLICATION FILED MAR. s, 1914.

Patented Aug. 11, 1914u g. Naam w 4 Wl TI'VESSES:

OSCAR W. NORBERG, OF ALAMOSA, vCOLORADO.

NEUMATIC Toon.

Specification of Letters Illatentl. Patented Aug, 11, 1914L Application filed March 6,1914. Serial No. 822,794.

T0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Osoan WT. Non-BERG,

'a' citizen of the United States, residing at Alamosa, county of Alamosa, and State of Colorado, have inventedcertainnew and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Tools, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to tools, and more vparticularlyto power driven breast tools,

and has for its primary object to provide,

in a device of the class described, a motor actuated by fluid pressure which shall be of maximum efficiency. l

A further object of the invention is to provide a device of the 'character described, adapted to be operated by fluid pressure,

yauch as compressed air, which utilizes to advantage the entire fluid pressure, and the speed of which is readily controllable by the tool operator. A

il still further object of my invention 1s toprovide a tool, preferably for drilling, which is simple'in construction, composed of comparatively few easily assembled parts, so 'arranged as to be less liable to breakage or derangement, and yet which will prove thoroughly efficient -in operation.

With these objects in view, together with others which will appear as the description proceeds, my invention consists in 'a tool of the character described, comprising a, casing, within which is arranged a rotor or. rotary piston adapted to rotate a4 spindle to .which the tool point or drill is attached; z head secured within the casing adjacent the rotary piston, vanes arranged upon the said piston 1n circular series, ports in the said head comnninicating with, and adapted to project a current of air against, said vanes; a vvalve for controlling the flow of air through said ports, and means for admitting air to the casing.

My invention further consists in the arrangement thus briefly described, further .characterized by means for controlling' the said valve directly from the handle orihand grip usually held by the operator 1n directingI the point and supporting the instrument.'

My invention further consists of the arrangement of pockets adjacent tl1e `vanes upon the rotarypiston within which Athe air under compression is adapted to be projected, the outlets of the said .pockets through which the air escapes being so ar ranged aste permit of the fluid further aiding in the rotationl of the piston by its eX- novel pansion upon escape from the restrictedl pocket.' ,y My invention further consistsY in the arrangement of the said vanes beingangularly disposed4 with relation to the direction of rotation of the piston,`th e ports-within the fixed head being located to directly cover the series of vanes, and to direct a current of air angularly in-thedirection vof rota'` tion of the said piston into the pockets'between the said vanes.

My invention still further consists .in the.

provision of. a casing' comprising a cylinder wlth a reduced neck, the said reduced neck being provided with a rotatable hand grip,

the rotary piston and fixed head located.

within the cylinder,.a valve for controlling the How of air through the ports in said head, and the stem for controlling the valve being reduced to fit withinthe'reduced neck, and meai'lsconnecting the hand grip with the valve stem whereby upon rotation of the said grip the valve will be actuated.

My invention still further consists in the combination and arrangement of parts, all will be more fully described hereinafter, and more specifically pointed out in the appended claims. My invention will bc'lnore readily undcrstood withreferenceto the'accompanying drawings forming a part of this'specification and in which- Figure-l is a plan view cfa br xast tool constrlu'ted in accordance with my invention, Figj is an enlarged longitlulinalsec'- tion taken substantially upon'lthe line 2-2 of Figrl, Fig. 3 is a section taken upon the line 3-3 of Fig. 2, the drill chuck and breast plate being` removed, Fig. 4 is a fragmentary horizontal section taken upon the line 'it-ft of Fig. Q, and looking` in the direction in dicatcd by the arrows, Fig. 5 is a sectional' view taken upon the line 5- 5 of Fig. 1l-

Fig. (3 is an edge-view, partly in sectiml, of

the improved piston employed in carrying Aout my invention,Fig. 7 is a. face view thereof, Figs. 8 and 9 represent ,respectively an edge view partly in section," anda face view of the improved head, Fig. 1,0 is an edge view of t-he valveemployed for controlling the flow of air to the piston, Figjll is a front ele vation thereof, Fig. `l2 isa rear elevation vof saidva'lve, Figs. 13 and la represent respectively a front elevation, and side view partly in section, of my improved valve operating stem, and Fig. l5`is an enlarged -ton operating mechanismis located, and

which it has been found most convenient .to construct in the shape ofv a cylinder. EX- tending from one side of the cylinder is a reduced neck 2, interiorly threaded at its outer extremity for the reception of a nipple 3 leading from a suitable source of fluid supply. The construction of the reduced neck may be arranged and connected to the cyl-I inder 1 in any preferred manner, it has been found however that the arrangement shown in the present instance proves most practical Aand eicient for the purposes, and is constructed separately from the cylinder, being shouldered as at 4 to be engaged by a nut .5 threaded to the outer end of the cylinder 1. The reduced neck 2 is provided with a rotatable hand grip 6, held upon the said reduced neck at one end by the enlarged portion of the neck, and atl the other end in any suitable manner, such forinstance, 'as a shoulder or flange 7 upon the nipple 3. Openings 8 may be provided in the hand grip in order that lubricant may be intro.- duced to reduce friction upon rotation of the grip. To the side opposite to that'with which the reduced neck is connected to the cylinder 1,' is located a, housing 9 Within which is adapted to operate mechanism for furthering rotation of the spindle to which the tool is attached, and, to the end that the interior of theh'ousingiind parts contained therein may be readily accessible, the

same is com osed of several separable sections. The ody portion 10 of the housing is preferably secured to the cylinder 1 and extends longitudinally therebeyond, providing a barrel 11, communicating with the central portion longitudinally of the cylinder, and a -housing 12 thereabove for the Areception of mechanism to be Vmore specifcally described later.` The housing 12 in this instance is substantially narrow in width a'nd is circular in sha e, being provided adjacent its inner circu ar edges. with screw threads'13 for the reception of the sections 14 and 15 constituting housing scctions. In the present instance it is to be observed that the drill or tool is disposed at right angles to the .mechanism f'or operating the'same and to this end a spindle 16, suitably journaled in the boxes 17 to reduce friction, and provided at one e'nd with thrust bearing 182 is extended through the housing constituting the member 12, and -members 14 and 15, at right angles to the direction assumed by the cylinder 1 and' the reduced neck 2 and barrel 11. The spindle extends beyond the housing section 15 and is threaded as at 19 to receive a chuck or other tool retaining member 20, adapted to retain the drill or tool 21. The housing section 14 at the opposite side of the housing member 12 is extended as at 22 and threaded interiorly as at 23 to receive the shank 24 0f a breast plate 25 for applying pressure.

longitudinally of the drill or bit during the cuttinggoperation. A Worm 26 is suitably journaled as at 27 Within the barrel 11,;and has its shaft 28 extended into the cylinder vor casing 1.' A Worm gear 29 is mounted uponthe shaft or spindle 16 and is of suiiicient diameter to intermesli with the worin 26, the same being located Withiii'the housing and housing `sections 14 and 15 and, as

has been above more fully described, is readily accessible by reason of' the threaded connection' of the said housing sections with the body portion 12 vof the housing. The end of the shaft 28 remote from the cylinder end of the barrel 11 isprovided with a till;L

thrust bearing 30, which is readily accessible by reason of the nut 31 and cap 32 adaptiis ed to fit over the end of the barrel. By t construction it is obvious that upon :rotation of the shaft 28 carrying the Worx 26, rotary motion will be imparted, througii the Worm gear 29, to the angularly disposed shaft 16 carrying at its end the drill ortool 21. It is also obvious from the disclosure that owing to the numerous antifri'ction devices in which the several movable parts are journaled, together with the ready accessibility of these parts for the application of lubricants,-a minimum .amount of power only will be required to impart motion to the spindle. It is also to be observedthat as the breast plate is in direct alincnient with tlie point of tllie cutting tool, the required amount of force or pressure may be correctly directed to the tool point to the` best advantage.` l

The improved means for giving initial movement to the mechanism above described, will now he taken up more fully in detail, and comprises a rotor, 4or rotary piston 33, which is mounted securely upon the end of the shaft 28 of4 the worm extending into they cylinder or casing l. This rotary piston is iii substantially the shape of :L disk, boing enlarged at its'center :is at 34 to provide the maximum surface for engage' ment with the shaft 28. The piston is provided adpiceiit its periphery with a circular series of radial vanos 35, each of which extiti' tends entirely through the piston and is V-q the air admitted to the pockets at au angle,

and in the direction of rotation of theI piston, and also it .is desired to exhaust the air in the same mannen lt'has been Jfound in practice that by this method the maximum amount ot' power may be utilized from the source et' fluid energy, he air under pressure impinging against the walls of the pockets 3G behind the vanes, in the direction of rotation, and the escape rearwardly therefrom permits of the energy, caused by the e5; )ansion of the air in passing fromthe restrii'! ed opening` SS, ot the back pressure incident thereto being' utilized to aid in the rotary motion of the piston. outer :tace of the rotary piston is iXedly secured a head 40 which acts as a barrier to withhold the fluid pressure from the piston, and this head is dished at its medial poftion and provided with a thrust bearing itl for the support of' the end ot' the worin shaft 2S supporting the rotary piston. An oil channel is provided in said head, coinmunicating at its inner end with the said thrust bearing, and communicating' with a port or inlet in the cylinder l, at its other end in order that the thrust bearing al may be properly lubricated. For the purpose ot' admitting` air to the piston above described, the head 40 is provided with a plurality ot' ports or ducts 425, there being but two ports illustrated inthe present instance and these being` positioned upon thejhead at diametrically opposite points, and in such position as to con'nnunieate, or direct a current of air or other fluid directlyinto the pockets between the severalv varies of the piston. To the end that the fluid may be directed to the pocket 3G at an angle to attain the most ellieiency trom the fluid, the ports 43 extend from one face ot the head to the face adjacent the rotary piston at an angle sulicient to cause the air to lic-directed into the said pockets and impinc'e against the walls ther-cot. A valve Llil is provided upon the outer 'lace ot the head to control the l'low ol air through said ports` and this valve coinprises in the present instance a ring', provided with a fiauge d5 adapted to lit bohiud, and rotate within a portion olE the enlarged end ol the rcduccd neck 2. This vaivc is provided at intcruualiate points in its inner surface. or surlarc adapted to be adjacent the head l() when asselnblcd, with a plurality ol' spared portions or iect 46 whereby the Vfriction'incident to high pressurc of the liuid within the cylindcris rcduccd, and the valve is thereby rendered more easily operable. ',lhe ring il is pro vided with a pairA of openings 47 at points diainctrimilly opposite, which are adapted io extend through the entire thickness of the ring and, when it is desired to operate the mechanism, to register with, or to admit air to, tbe singularly disposed ports 4? in the fixed head Ll0. The'outer t'ace of thc ring 44 is provided at opposite points with Adjacent ther vprovided with angul'arly disposed grooves 48, within which the ends i9 ot a valve stem 50 are adapted to engage. The valve stein 50 is preferably hollow to permit of the passage ot air from the ai;` source to the head elf), and is reduced to permit ot its insertion snugly within the reduced uci-l; '2 of the device. The reduced neck 2 is provided with a slot 5l extending a yshort distance around its circumference to permit of the'rotary play of a screw or other securing element which is utilized as a connecting' means between the rotatable hand grip (l, and the stem 50 of the valve.

It is Obvious that upon application of fluid under pressure tothe interior of the cylinder, and upon manipulation ot the valve lil to permit the flow through the ports 4:3 of the head, and into the pockets 3G between the vanes in the piston, motion will be imparted'through the worin 2G and worm wheel 29 tothe shaft 1(5,to operate the bit or tool point 2l, in the desired manner. air is permitted to escape from the cylinder, at'tcr having been utilized to rotate thepiston, throughthe port in thev end of the cylinder l.-

I claim.' r

1. In a device of the class described, a casing, a piston within said casing, said piston provided with a circular series of vanos, a head` in said casing adjacent said piston and ports adapted todirect a euri-cut of fluid against said vanos, a valve cooperatingL with said head to regulate thellow ot the fluid to said piston, a rotary hand grip on saidcasing', and means connecting4 said hand grip with said valve, and a spindle in connection with said piston` substantiallyr as described.

2. ln a device of the class described, a'casiup,r provided with a 'reduced neel-z, a. rota-- `table hand grip on said ncclgavrotary piston in said casing', said piston provided adjacent its periphery with a circular series of angularly disposed vanes, a tool spindle in connection with said piston, a head adjacent said piston provided with oppositely disposed angularly inclined ports, communicating,r with said vanos, a valve for opening* and closing said ports, said valvecontrolled by a stern fitting within said reduced neck and in connection with said rotatable hand grip,

and means lor admitting' air to said reduced neck, substantially as described.

3. ln a device of the class described, a, casing comprising a cylinder with a reduced neck, a hand grip mounted for rotation upon said reduced neck, a rotary piston within said cylinder rovided with a circular series of angularly isposcd vanos, a worin in con` necticn with said piston and. a gear in mesh with said worm lor rotating the spindle, a h x,ad adjacent said piston provided with a plurality of angularly disposed Aports for directing the current of [luid against said The 5 substantially as described.

4.. In a device of the class described, a casing comprising a cylinder having a reduced neck, a hand grip mounted or'rotationl upon lsaid neck, a rotary piston Within said cylinder provided with a circular series of pockets, a spindle adapted to be rotated by said piston, a head adjacent said piston provided with a plurality of ports adapted to direct a current of' iuid angularly into saidpocket, a valve for opening and closing said ports, a valve stem with a reduced p0rtion to t Within said neck, and a connectionbet'ween said valve stem and said hand grip, substantially as described.

5. In a device of the class described, a casing comprising a cylinder having a reduced neck adapted to be connected to a source -o compressed fluid, ahand grip -mounted for rotation upon said neck, a rotary piston Within said cylinder' provided with a circular series of pockets, a spindle adapted to be rotated by said piston, a head adjacent said-piston and provided With `an gularly disposed ports adapted to direct a stream of fluid angularly into said pockets, a ring .mounted for rotation upon said head and provided With openings for registration With said ports, a valve stem connected at one end to said ring and reduced at the opposite end to fit Within the reduced neck of said-casing, and a connection between said valve stem and said hand grip, substantially as described.

6. 1n. a Vdevice of the class described, a casing comprising a cylinder provided at one end 'With-a reduced neck and at the opposite end with a housing, a Worm shaft in said housing mounted to extend at one end into said-cylinder, a Worm Wheel mounted upon a spindle in mesh with said Worm, a rotary piston mounted upon the said ends `of said Worm. shaft provided adjacent its periphery with a circular series of vanes, a

head'within said cylinder adjacent said -piston provided With oppositely disposed angularly inclined ports whereby air may be directed angularly against said vanes, a valve for controlling the flow of air to said ports, said valve provided with a reduced stem adapted to fit Within said reducedneck, a rotatable hand grip on said rgduced neck, a connection between said hand grip and said valve stem and means for :ulmittingr Huid under `compression to said reduced neck7 substantially as described.

7. A easing comprising a cylindrical housing, a tubular barrel substantially tangential thereto and in communication therewith, and an enlarged cylinder forming au extension of said barrel and co-aXial therewith, said housing being open at its ends, in combination with a pair of heads detachably secured to said housing and closing the respective ends thereof,`bearings in said heads, a spindle mounted in said bearings, a tool holder secured upon one end of said spindle and a Worni gear secured to said spindle Within said housing and communicating with said barrel, a Worm in said barrel in mesh with said gear, said Worm being'extended at one end into said cylinder, and' means operable by fluid pressure upon. said` end for rotating said worin, substantially as described.

8. A casing comprising a cylindrical housing, a tubular barrel substantially tangential thereto and communicating therewith and an enlarged cylinder forming an extension of said barrel and co-axial therewith, said housing being open at its ends, in combination With a pair of heads detachably sccured to said housing and closing the respective ends thereof, removable bearings in said heads, a spindle mounted in said bearing, a tool holder secured upon one end oi. said spindle and a worm gear secured to said spindle within saidhousing and com-y municating with said barrel, removable bearings in said barrel, a worm mounted for rotation in said bearings in mesh with said worm gear, one end of said Worm being reduced and extendedl into vsaid cylinder, a rctary piston adapted to be operated by .fluid pressure upon said end, and means for controlling the pressure of said iiuid upon said piston, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof: l have signed my name to. this specification in the. presence olf two subscribing witnesses.

i OSCAR W. NORBERG. Witnesses lV. Gr. MorifArT, Garmin M. Moric-rrr. 

